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由此看來，許多英語句子的翻譯只有完全擺脫英語原文形合結(jié)構(gòu)的束縛，采用漢語意合法來組詞成句、組句成篇，才能使譯文流轉(zhuǎn)自如，簡明通順。而要做到這一點，譯者必須先將原文的思想內(nèi)容融會于心，然后根據(jù)漢語的語言特點，略去語意上顯得多余、表達上感覺繁瑣或可有可無的詞或詞組，用規(guī)范和地道的漢語譯出原文。以下是采用意合法翻譯的各種類型的句子：
A. 簡單句
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) I was too tired to talk with you. 我很累，不能同你說話。
(2) We never meet without a parting. 有聚就有散。
(3(世博北京翻譯公司)) He lived neither for fame nor for personal gains. 他活著不為名不為利。
B. 并列句
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) We have studied English for a year and we can act English. 我們學了一年英文， 已經(jīng)能夠演英文劇了。
(2) The door was opened, and the audience came crowding in. 門開了，觀眾一擁而入。
(3(世博北京翻譯公司)) And with this, and a proud bow to his patrons, the Manager retires, and the curtain rises.領(lǐng)班的說到這里，向觀眾深深的鞠了一躬，退到后臺，幕起。
C. 復合句
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)) When I was reading a book, she came in. 我正在看書，她進來了。
(2) I'll let you know as soon as it is arranged. 一安排好就通知你。
(3(世博北京翻譯公司)) It has been a long time since I saw you. 好久不見了。
(4) As she talked on she got more and more excited. 她越講越興奮。
(5) I knew nothing about it until he told me. 他告訴我了我才知道。
(6) Come when you are free. 有空就來。
(7) If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天來了， 春天還會遠嗎？
(8) He was a free-will agent and he chose to do careful work, and if he failed, he took the responsibility without subterfuge.他是個自有主意的人,干活就要認真干好， 沒干好， 他就承擔責任， 決不借故推委。
(9) There was something remarkable in his manner of doing so, though I could not have said for my life what.他這一舉一動我總覺得有點奇特，奇特在哪里我又說不上。
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)0) Whatever you like to eat, just tell me.想吃什么， 只管告訴我。
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)1(世博英文翻譯公司)) A wind blows so bitterly that the orphanage boys reach the door with fingers stiff in an agony of numbness. 在呼嘯的寒風中， 孤兒院的男孩將一份份牛奶端到育嬰房去， 一天得跑兩趟呢。 他們走到門口時， 手指凍得僵硬， 一點兒都不聽使喚。
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)2)) At daylight I was half wakened by the sound of chopping. Again it was so even in texture that I went back to sleep. 第2天黎明時分， 一陣劈柴聲攪得我似醒非醒。 那拍子依然不緊不慢， 又把我?guī)Щ貕羿l(xiāng)。
(1(世博英文翻譯公司)3(世博北京翻譯公司)) The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittle, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear.廚子的臉發(fā)起白來， 要使喚丫頭把門關(guān)上， 丫頭叫布利特爾去，布利特爾叫補鍋匠去，補鍋匠卻裝著沒聽見。
漢語句子特點是“以意統(tǒng)形”，因而漢語的句法特征是意合，強調(diào)邏輯邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)與意義關(guān)聯(lián)而不在意詞語之間和句際之間的形式銜接。請看下例：
我常見許多青年的朋友，聰明用功，成績優(yōu)異，而語文程度不足以達意，甚至寫一封信亦難得通順，問其故則曰其興趣不在語文方面。
倘若完全按照原文的句法特征將其譯成英文，可能是：
①I have come across a great many young friends, ②bright and diligent, ③do exceedingly well in studies, ④but they are rather weak in Chinese, ⑤even can’t write a smooth Chinese letter. ⑥When asked why, they’ll say they are not interested in Chinese.
這樣的譯文是英語病句。請看張培基先生的譯文：
I have come across a great many bright and diligent young friends who have done exceedingly well in their studies, but are rather weak in Chinese. They cannot even write a letter in correct Chinese. When I asked them why, they said they wre not interested in Chinese language.
將②這一形容詞來修飾young friends， 將③與④結(jié)合起來做定于從句后置，仍然修飾young friends，行文就通順了，原意的表達也清楚了。將⑤單獨成句以強調(diào)這些成績優(yōu)異的青年的缺點，正是作者的本意。添加who等下劃線的詞非常必要，能使譯文形合意順，符合英語表達習慣。
翻譯公司 (責任編輯：世博翻譯公司) |